Music Therapy in Palliative Care: Meaning, Spiritual Well-Being, and Emotional Support

Article Overview

Music therapy is increasingly being studied as a supportive intervention for people receiving palliative care, especially when emotional, existential, and spiritual needs become more urgent near the end of life. In this 2021 multicenter randomized controlled trial, researchers evaluated the “Song of Life” intervention, a brief biographical music therapy approach built around a personally meaningful song. The study included 104 patients receiving specialized palliative care and compared the music therapy intervention with a relaxation control.

The findings showed no significant differences in psychological or global quality of life, but patients in the Song of Life group reported higher spiritual well-being, higher ego-integrity, and lower distress than those in the control group. Patients and family members also rated the intervention as more meaningful and important, supporting the idea that biographical music therapy may help address emotional and existential concerns near the end of life.

Why This Matters

This article matters because it highlights a form of music therapy that is clearly rooted in the therapeutic relationship, personal biography, and meaning-making rather than passive music listening alone. The paper explains that music therapy in palliative care can support communication, spiritual experience, and the integration of life events, and that the Song of Life method combines life review with creative arts therapy in a brief format suited to end-of-life care.

It is also important because the study offers stronger evidence than many descriptive or exploratory papers in this area. As a multicenter randomized controlled trial, it gives your site library a credible research piece on music therapy in palliative care, spiritual well-being, distress reduction, and end-of-life support. At the same time, it should be framed accurately: the strongest effects were found in spiritual well-being, ego-integrity, distress, and treatment meaningfulness, not in overall quality of life.

Warth, M., Koehler, F., Brehmen, M., Weber, M., Bardenheuer, H. J., Ditzen, B., & Kessler, J. (2021). “Song of Life”: Results of a multicenter randomized trial on the effects of biographical music therapy in palliative care. Palliative Medicine, 35(6), 1126–1136. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692163211010394

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Landscape with Stars, Henri-Edmond Cross, ca. 1905–1908

Music Therapy for Psychological Trauma: Emotion Regulation, Social Connection, and Recovery

Article Overview

This 2025 theoretical integrative review explores how music therapy may support people recovering from psychological trauma, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors describe music therapy as a clinical, evidence-based practice that has been used across mental health settings to support emotion processing, affect regulation, and functioning, while also reviewing the growing trauma-focused literature in the field.

The review identified 19 empirical studies published since 2017 and found important advances in trauma-focused music therapy research, including increased use of randomized controlled trials, physiological measures, more detailed intervention descriptions, and the emergence of manualized treatments. The paper highlights recurring themes such as emotion regulation, social affiliation, nonverbal expression, agency, and therapeutic safety as possible mechanisms through which music therapy may help trauma survivors.

Why This Matters

This article matters because it helps explain not only that music therapy may support trauma recovery, but also how it may work. The review discusses music therapy as a potentially useful trauma-informed approach because it can support emotional regulation, embodied processing, nonverbal expression, and social connection, all of which are especially relevant for people living with trauma-related distress.

For a public-facing music therapy library, this is a valuable article because it shows that the field is growing in both theory and evidence. It also positions music therapy as a promising complement to mainstream mental health care, while honestly acknowledging that the field still needs more comparative studies, streamlined interventions, and stronger replication.

Williams, J., & Sidis, A. E. (2025). Music therapy for psychological trauma: A theoretical integrative review. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 96, 102369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2025.102369

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Landscape, Albert Pinkham Ryder, 1897–98 (?)

Music Therapy Choir for Dementia: Anxiety, Depression, and Connection in Community Care

Article Overview

This randomized controlled trial examined whether participation in a therapeutic choir could support people living with dementia and their primary caregivers in community settings. The Remini-Sing intervention was designed to explore outcomes related to relationship quality, quality of life, depression, social connectedness, caregiver burden, and anxiety in dementia-caregiver dyads.

Choir sessions included vocal warm-ups, familiar songs chosen by participants, simple part singing, and social time over refreshments. Although the study was underpowered because recruitment and retention fell short of the original target, the choir group showed encouraging reductions in depression and anxiety for people with dementia, with medium to large effect sizes that suggest therapeutic choir participation may be promising for future research.

Why This Matters

Dementia affects not only memory and cognition, but also mood, social connection, and the wellbeing of family caregivers. This article matters because it studies a community-based music therapy approach that is accessible, relational, and enjoyable for both people with dementia and those who care for them. It also highlights how shared music experiences may support meaningful interaction and emotional wellbeing outside of institutional care settings.

Just as importantly, the article is transparent about its limitations. The trial did not find statistically significant effects, largely because the final sample was much smaller than planned, but it still offers a useful and honest picture of what therapeutic choir participation may be able to support. For readers, families, and clinicians, it shows that music therapy research in dementia care is moving toward real-world, community-based interventions that prioritize connection as well as clinical outcomes.

Tamplin, J., Thompson, Z., Clark, I. N., Teggelove, K., & Baker, F. A. (2024). Remini-Sing RCT: Therapeutic choir participation for community-dwelling people with dementia and their primary caregivers. Journal of Music Therapy, 61(3), 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thae008

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Music Therapy for Surgery Recovery: Pain Relief, Anxiety Support, and Recovery

Article Overview

This 2025 randomized controlled trial examined whether music therapy could help reduce pain and anxiety in adults undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty, also known as shoulder replacement surgery. Patients were assigned to live music therapy, therapist-designed recorded music therapy, or standard care without music therapy. The study defined music therapy as music-based interventions provided by a board-certified music therapist.

Researchers found that both live and recorded music therapy were associated with significantly greater reductions in pain and anxiety than standard care alone. There were no significant differences between the live and recorded music therapy groups overall, suggesting that therapist-designed recorded interventions may also be a practical option in medical settings. The study did not find significant differences in opioid use across groups.

Why This Matters

This article is a strong fit for a public-facing music therapy library because it shows music therapy being used in a real medical setting for concrete clinical goals: reducing perioperative pain and anxiety. It also helps clarify that music therapy is not simply background music, but a structured, evidence-based intervention designed by trained music therapists.

It is also useful because the findings are practical and credible. If therapist-designed recorded music therapy can support outcomes similarly to live delivery in this context, hospitals and surgical teams may have more flexible ways to integrate music therapy into patient care. At the same time, the study stays appropriately cautious by noting limits such as its nonblinded design and single-site sample.

Armstrong, A. D., Starr, D. J., Sweet, M. D., Barillas, B., Chamberlin, A., Fioravanti, T., Napoli, C., Pahomov, E., George, S. Z., Schwab, S. M., & Weed, J. T. (2026). Live versus recorded music therapy intervention in shoulder arthroplasty. JSES International, 10, 101438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseint.2025.101438

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A Bouquet of Flowers, Clara Peeters, ca. 1612

Music Therapy for Children in Special Education: Communication, Connection, and Classroom Engagement

Article Overview

This pilot study explored whether a classroom-based music therapy program could help improve communication for children with developmental disabilities, including autism, in special education settings. Researchers examined the Voices Together model, a structured intervention that uses interactive songs, vocal prompting, and group participation to encourage verbal responses and social engagement during music therapy sessions.

Children took part in weekly 45-minute sessions led by a trained music therapist, with one group receiving the program for 15 weeks and another for 7 weeks. The study found that children in the longer-term group showed stronger gains in verbal responsiveness during the sessions, while the shorter-term group showed improvement that was not statistically significant. Although teacher rating scales did not show broad changes across classroom behavior, direct observations suggested that classroom music therapy may support communication development over time.

Why This Matters

Children in special education settings often need support with communication, social interaction, and classroom participation. Music therapy can offer a structured and engaging way to practice these skills, especially for children who may respond well to rhythm, repetition, and musical interaction. This makes classroom-based music therapy especially relevant for schools looking for supportive, relationship-based interventions.

This study also matters because it looks at music therapy in a real educational setting, not just in a clinic or one-to-one session. For educators, therapists, and families, that helps show how music therapy can fit into everyday school life and support children where they already learn and interact. Even though the findings are preliminary, the study adds to the growing evidence that music therapy can play a meaningful role in special education.

Mendelson, J., White, Y., Hans, L., Adebari, R., Schmid, L., Riggsbee, J., Goldsmith, A., Ozler, B., Buehne, K., Jones, S., Shapleton, J., & Dawson, G. (2016). A preliminary investigation of a specialized music therapy model for children with disabilities delivered in a classroom setting. Autism Research and Treatment, 2016, Article 1284790. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1284790

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The School Master, Abraham Bosse, ca. 1635–1638.

Music Therapy for Women Living with Depression: Daily Functioning, Emotion Regulation, and Quality of Life

Article Overview

This 2025 study explored whether group music therapy could support women living with major depressive disorder. In a randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, 102 women were assigned either to group music therapy or to a waitlist control condition. Researchers measured depressive symptoms through observer ratings, self-reports, and everyday-life assessments, while also examining emotion regulation and quality of life.

The findings were nuanced but meaningful. While observer-rated and self-reported depression scores improved without reaching statistical significance, the music therapy group showed statistically significant benefits in depressive symptoms experienced in daily life, along with improvements in quality of life and emotion regulation strategies. The study also found that these benefits were stronger immediately after treatment than at longer-term follow-up.

Why This Matters

This article is valuable because it presents music therapy as a clinically relevant, evidence-based intervention for depression while avoiding overstated claims. Instead of suggesting a simple cure, the study shows that group music therapy may offer meaningful short-term support in daily functioning, emotional coping, and overall well-being for women with depression.

For a public-facing music therapy library, this kind of research builds trust. It comes from a peer-reviewed journal, uses an RCT design, and highlights measurable outcomes that matter to clients, families, and referral sources. It is especially useful for showing how music therapy can support mental health in practical, lived ways beyond symptom scores alone.

Gaebel, C., Stoffel, M., Aguilar-Raab, C., Jarczok, M. N., Rittner, S., Ditzen, B., & Warth, M. (2025). Effects of group music therapy on depressive symptoms in women – The MUSED-study: Results from a randomized-controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 374, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.011

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Portrait of a Young Woman (Miss Seaton) (Dorothy Seaton), James McNeill Whistler, 1897

Music Therapy for Grieving Youth: Trauma, Bereavement, and Healing

Article Overview

This article explores how trauma and grief can overlap in the lives of children and adolescents after the death of a loved one, and how music therapy can support young people through bereavement in thoughtful, culturally responsive ways. Rather than treating grief and trauma as separate experiences, the paper shows how they often intersect and shape emotional expression, coping, identity, relationships, and healing.

The author presents theoretical models and clinical reflections that encourage music therapists to use culturally grounded, resource-oriented, and multisystemic approaches when supporting bereaved youth. The article also highlights the importance of considering interpersonal trauma, systemic oppression, collective trauma, and intergenerational trauma when designing meaningful music therapy support.

Why This Matters

Young people experiencing loss may also be carrying trauma histories, family stress, social inequities, or disrupted support systems. This article matters because it moves beyond a one-size-fits-all understanding of grief and encourages more inclusive, trauma-informed, and socially aware music therapy practice.

For readers, clinicians, and families, the article offers a deeper understanding of why bereavement support should be sensitive to culture, context, and lived experience. It also reinforces that music therapists across settings should be prepared to support youth navigating trauma and loss, and that this knowledge should be part of professional training.

Myers-Coffman, K. (2024). Intersections of trauma and grief: Navigating multilayered terrain in music therapy to support youth through bereavement. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 89, 102166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2024.102166

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Landscape with rising sun, December 1, 1828, 8:30 a.m., Joseph Michael Gandy, 1828

Music Therapy Songwriting for Veterans: Expression, Recovery, and Emotional Support

Article Overview

Songwriting in music therapy is increasingly being explored as a meaningful way to support emotional expression, identity work, and communication in military rehabilitation. In this 2019 retrospective qualitative analysis, researchers examined 14 songs written by 11 active-duty service members during music therapy treatment at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence at Walter Reed. Songs were created across 2–3 individual sessions facilitated by a board-certified music therapist and reflected the experiences of service members coping with PTSD, depression, anxiety, TBI, and difficult recovery and reintegration processes.

The analysis found that songwriting gave service members a way to express fears, hopes, emotional pain, and the challenges of homecoming and rehabilitation. The authors describe songwriting as a reflective medium through which participants could communicate thoughts and feelings, explore difficult internal experiences, and share parts of their story with family, peers, and providers. Rather than testing symptom reduction in a controlled trial, the study offers qualitative insight into how music therapy songwriting may support emotional expression, reflection, and psychotherapeutic processing in military populations.

Why This Matters

This article matters because it highlights a side of music therapy research that is deeply human and clinically meaningful, even when it is not measured through symptom scores alone. For service members recovering from trauma, TBI, depression, anxiety, and difficult re-entry experiences, songwriting may offer a way to express emotions, communicate struggles, and explore identity in a form that can feel less threatening than direct conversation. The paper also suggests that songwriting may help lower resistance to emotional exploration through musical structure and metaphor, while supporting communication and self-understanding.

It is also valuable because the study shows how songs can become a bridge between inner experience and interpersonal connection. The authors note that the songs enabled service members to share thoughts, emotions, fears, and hopes with family, friends, and providers, sometimes for the first time, and describe songwriting as an important stepping stone in psychotherapeutic processing. For a site library, this makes the article especially useful for themes like music therapy for veterans, PTSD support, songwriting in therapy, identity and recovery, and emotional expression through music.

Bradt, J., Norris, M., Shim, M., Gracely, E. J., & Gerrity, P. (2019). Vocal warriors: A retrospective qualitative analysis of songwriting in music therapy during military service members’ rehabilitation. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 62, 19–27.

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The Veteran in a New Field, Winslow Homer, 1865

Music Therapy and Nature: Therapist Perspectives, Connection, and Well-Being

Article Overview

Nature-based approaches are gaining interest within music therapy as clinicians explore how outdoor settings, nature sounds, and nature-connecting methods may support therapeutic work. In this 2025 cross-sectional survey, researchers examined the opinions and experiences of music therapists in Germany and Austria regarding the integration of nature into music therapy practice.

The findings suggest that many therapists saw strong potential in nature-based music therapy, even though most reported limited direct experience using it in practice. Respondents also identified possible benefits such as enhanced therapeutic insight and positive effects of nature sounds on client well-being, while noting concerns related to distraction and confidentiality.

Why This Matters

This article matters because it highlights an emerging area of music therapy practice while staying grounded in what the study actually examined. Rather than testing client outcomes directly, the survey captures how music therapists are thinking about nature-assisted music therapy, outdoor music therapy, and the role of therapeutic environment in supporting connection, reflection, and well-being.

It is also useful because it points to a growing interest in how music therapy may extend beyond traditional indoor settings. For readers interested in wellness, mindful listening, nature sounds, and creative approaches to care, this article offers insight into where the field may be headed and what practical factors still need to be considered.

Pfeifer, E., Aigner, S. E., Stolterfoth, C., Dale, R., Ostermann, T., Probst, T., & Humer, E. (2025). Music therapists’ perspectives on nature-connecting methods and the integration of nature in music therapy: Results of a survey among German and Austrian music therapists. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 92, 102252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2025.102252

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An Orange-Headed Ground Thrush and a Death’s-Head Moth on a Purple Ebony Orchid Branch, Shaikh Zain al-Din, 1778.

Clinicians’ Views of Music Therapy: Emotional Support, Communication, and Quality of Life

Article Overview

This 2024 qualitative study explores clinicians’ views of music therapy for hospitalized children and adolescents. Published in the Journal of Pediatric Nursing, the study used two focus groups with 18 healthcare professionals after an interactive music therapy session to examine how clinicians perceived the role of music therapy in pediatric hospital care.

Clinicians described music therapy as supportive of emotional support, communication, coping, and quality of life for children and adolescents in the hospital. They also identified benefits related to emotional expression, family support, and the overall care experience, suggesting that music therapy may contribute to more relational and holistic pediatric care.

Why This Matters

This article matters because it shows how clinicians in pediatric hospital settings view music therapy as part of patient care. While the study does not measure clinical outcomes directly, it offers valuable insight into how music therapy is recognized by professionals working with hospitalized children and adolescents every day.

For a public-facing music therapy library, this article helps explain that music therapy in hospitals is not simply entertainment. According to clinicians in the study, music therapy may support emotional support, communication, coping, and quality of life in pediatric care. That makes it a strong supporting article for families, hospitals, and referral sources interested in child and adolescent music therapy.

Barrio, M., Moreno-Mulet, C., Romero-García, M., & Ríos-Risquez, M. I. (2024). Healthcare professionals’ perceptions towards music therapy for hospitalized children and adolescents: A qualitative study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 79, e191–e198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.022

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Woman and Child, Kate Greenaway, 1883

Music Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease: Gait, Speech, and Personalized Care

Article Overview

Music therapy is increasingly being discussed as part of a broader, patient-centered approach to Parkinson’s disease care. In this 2025 mini review, the authors examine how music therapy may fit alongside emerging precision medicine strategies in Parkinson’s treatment. Rather than reporting new clinical trial data or conducting a systematic evidence synthesis, the article offers a concise overview of existing research on music-based interventions, genetic profiling, and personalized care approaches in Parkinson’s disease.

The review highlights music therapy approaches such as rhythmic auditory stimulation for gait and group singing for speech and psychosocial well-being, while also discussing future-facing topics like wearable sensors, adaptive AI platforms, and individualized treatment planning. At the same time, the authors are transparent about limitations: they note the need for more rigorous clinical validation for music therapy protocols, along with larger longitudinal studies and better-integrated treatment models.

Why This Matters

This article matters because Parkinson’s disease affects far more than movement alone. It can also shape speech, emotional well-being, daily functioning, and quality of life. This mini review is useful for readers interested in how music therapy may support areas such as gait, speech, neurorehabilitation, and psychosocial well-being within a more personalized care framework. The abstract specifically notes reported benefits such as 15–20% improvements in gait parameters with rhythmic auditory stimulation and benefits from group singing for speech function and psychosocial well-being.

It is also important to frame the article accurately. This is a mini review, which means it provides a selective overview and conceptual discussion rather than the stronger evidence base you would expect from a systematic review, meta-analysis, or randomized controlled trial. For that reason, it is best used in a site library as a supporting article that highlights promising directions and emerging ideas, not as definitive proof of effectiveness. The authors themselves note that music therapy protocols still require more rigorous clinical validation.

Li-Hua, P., Jallow, L., Tan, Y., & Bajinka, O. (2025). Precision medicine and music therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 13, 100382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prdoa.2025.100382

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Two Girls with Parasols, John Singer Sargent, 1888 or 1889

Music Therapy in the ICU: Comfort, Connection, and the Human Side of Recovery

Article Overview

Music therapy is increasingly being explored in hospital and critical care settings as a supportive, patient-centered intervention. In this 2025 qualitative study, researchers examined how patients in a critical care unit experienced a 20-minute music therapy session led by a qualified music therapist. The study included 14 patients and focused on their perceptions of how music therapy influenced stress, illness, and recovery.

Three major themes emerged from the study: humanizing and accompanying the critical care experience, music therapy as a form of relaxation, and relief and recovery through music therapy. Patients described music therapy as comforting, emotionally connecting, and helpful in reducing stress, anxiety, pain, and feelings of isolation during ICU care.

Why This Matters

Critical care can be overwhelming, disorienting, and emotionally intense. This study matters because it shows that music therapy may support more than symptom relief. It may also help humanize care, create emotional connection, and offer patients a sense of comfort and identity in a highly medicalized environment.

For patients, families, nurses, and healthcare teams, this article highlights music therapy as a non-pharmacological approach that may support relaxation, coping, and emotional recovery in the ICU. The study also emphasizes the role of interdisciplinary care and suggests that personalized music therapy can become a meaningful part of critical care practice.

Saldaña-Ortiz, V., Recio-Rivas, A., Mansilla-Domínguez, J. M., & Martínez-Miguel, E. (2025). Impact of music therapy on patients in the critical care unit: A qualitative study. Nursing in Critical Care, 30, e70099. https://doi.org/10.1111/nicc.70099

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The Duet, James McNeill Whistler, 1894.

Music Therapy for Chronic Pain: Relief, Resonance, and Emotional Well-Being

Article Overview

Music therapy is increasingly being explored as a supportive treatment for people living with chronic pain. In this 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis, researchers examined randomized controlled trials to evaluate whether music therapy could improve chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. The review included 9 trials with a total of 787 patients.

The findings suggest that music therapy may help reduce chronic pain and depression, but the evidence was not strong for anxiety or quality of life improvement. The authors also found that outcomes varied depending on the setting, pain type, intervention format, and how the music was delivered.

Why This Matters

Chronic pain can affect daily functioning, mood, relationships, and overall quality of life. This review matters because it highlights music therapy as a non-pharmacological approach that may help reduce pain and depression in some chronic pain populations, especially at a time when clinicians and patients are looking for alternatives or complements to medication-based care.

For patients, families, and healthcare professionals, this review offers a helpful evidence-based look at where music therapy may be most useful. It also reinforces that music therapy is not a one-size-fits-all intervention. Factors like pain type, setting, patient music choice, and provider training may all influence outcomes.

Chen, S., Yuan, Q., Wang, C., Ye, J., & Yang, L. (2025). The effect of music therapy for patients with chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychology, 13, 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02643-x

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Cotton Tree Flowers, ca. 1800–1805.

Music Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Social Interaction, Communication, and Connection

Article Overview

Music therapy uses musical experiences and the relationships that develop through them to support communication, expression, and connection. In this Cochrane systematic review, researchers examined the effects of music therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder, with a focus on social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, initiating behavior, and emotional reciprocity.

The review suggests that music therapy may help improve social interaction, verbal communication, initiating behavior, and social-emotional reciprocity. The authors also describe possible benefits in areas such as social adaptation, joy, and the quality of parent-child relationships, while noting that more research is still needed.

Why This Matters

Autism support often involves more than reducing challenges. It also includes creating opportunities for connection, expression, relationship-building, and meaningful engagement. This review is important because it highlights music therapy as a relational and interactive approach that may support communication and social development in ways that feel motivating and accessible.

For families, educators, and clinicians, this review offers a helpful overview of how music therapy may support children with autism in areas that matter deeply in daily life. It also reinforces the idea that music therapy is not simply passive listening, but a trained, relationship-based process that can support growth in communication and social connection.

Geretsegger, M., Elefant, C., Mössler, K. A., & Gold, C. (2014). Music therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(6), CD004381. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004381.pub3

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The Dance Lesson, Edgar Degas, ca. 1879.

Music Therapy in End-of-Life Care: Comfort, Connection, and the Human Side of Care

Article Overview

Music therapy has long been used in hospice, palliative care, and other end-of-life settings to support comfort, expression, connection, and quality of life. In this narrative review, researchers examine the biological and clinical effects of music therapy in end-of-life care, with a focus on anxiety, pain, stress, and individualized care planning.

The review explains that music therapy in these settings is more than a pleasant distraction. According to the authors, music can influence emotional processing, physiological stress responses, and pain perception while also supporting a more personalized and humane care experience for terminally ill patients.

Why This Matters

End-of-life care often involves not only physical symptoms, but also fear, sadness, overwhelm, isolation, and the need for meaning and comfort. The review suggests that music therapy in palliative care settings may help reduce anxiety and pain while supporting well-being and emotional and spiritual care.

The authors also point out that music therapy can support caregivers, not just patients, and that personalized approaches such as biographical music therapy may help people express emotions and connect more clearly with their own life stories.

Terzoni, S., De Vita, A., Ferrara, P., et al. (2025). Biological effects of music therapy in end-of-life care: A narrative review. Medicina, 61, 1690.

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Peonies Blown in the Wind, John La Farge, ca. 1880.